Prostate Cancer

Vitamin E tied to higher risk of prostate cancer

维生素E跟患前列腺癌的高风险有關

 

Men taking daily vitamin E were more likely to get prostate cancer than those not taking the dietary supplement, according to a study of close to 35,000 North Americans.

每日服用维生素E的男性比那些不服用膳食补充剂的人更容易患上前列腺癌，这是根据一项有三万五千名北美人参与的研究所发现的。

This means that over a decade, one or two men out of 100 taking vitamin E would be expected to get prostate cancer, said the researchers, whose findings were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

研究员说，这就表示了十多年来，每一百位服用维生素E的男性中有一两位会患上前列腺癌，这项研究结果已经在在美国医学协会杂志上发表。

“If you have enough of these vitamins in your system…extra doesn’t help you any, and too much of something like this can be harmful,” said Eric Klein from the Cleveland Clinic, one of the study’s authors, to Reuters Health.

其中一位来自Cleveland诊所的报告书作者之一的Eric Klein对路透社健康版的记者说，“如果你体内的系统已经有足够的维生素，再多一些是一点助益也没有，而且太多的话还可能对你有害。”

The findings come on the heels of a study suggesting that older women who take multivitamins have slightly increased death rates compared to those who don’t.

这项研究也证实了另一项研究的觀點認為，吃多种维生素合成药剂的年长妇女的死亡率比起那些不吃的人来得高。

“There’s a theme here that taking vitamins is not only not helpful but could be harmful” in people who are not deficient in vitamins, Klein added.

Klein说：“这里的主题是说，服用合成维生素药丸对那些不缺维生素的人不但没有帮助而且还可能有害。”

But one researcher who wasn’t part of the new study said he doubted it means vitamin E causes prostate cancer.

但是，有一位不属于这项研究的研究员说，他很怀疑这项研究可以断定维生素E会导致前列腺癌。

“It’s an interesting finding. I’m not sure I believe it,” said Neil Fleshner, from the University of Toronto, adding that the result may have been a chance finding or false positive.

来自多伦多大学的Neil Fleshner说，“这是个有趣的发现，但我不确定要不要相信。”他补充说，这项研究结果还是有可能是个案的假象。

For the study, men in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Starting between 2001 and 2004, about 9,000 men in each group took daily supplements of 400 international units (IU) of vitamin E, 200 micrograms of selenium, vitamin E and selenium together or a vitamin-free placebo pill.

这项研究随机地把来自美国，加拿大和波多黎各的男性分配到四个小组，从2001到2004年间，每一组都有九千多人每天吞食有四百个国际单位(IU)的维生素E合成药丸，两百微克的

200微克的硒，维生素E和硒一起吃或者没有维生素的安慰剂药丸。

The study was halted in late 2008 when the researchers saw a hint of an increased risk of prostate cancer in the men taking vitamin E. But they kept monitoring men for cancer after they stopped taking the supplements. It turned out that the extra risk became clearer over time.

到了2008年年尾，研究员看到服用维生素E的男性患上前列腺癌的风险有增加的迹象时，这项研究马上终止，但他们继续观察患癌的人在停止服用补充剂后的状况，结果时日一久风险就越明显。

By mid-2011, about seven percent of men who had taken vitamin E only had gotten prostate cancer, compared to six percent of those assigned to placebo pills.

2011年年中，只有大约7％吃过维生素E药丸的人已经得到前列腺癌，而分配到安慰剂药丸的人患癌的有6%。

The researchers did not find an extra risk of prostate cancer in men who took only selenium or vitamin E together with selenium.

研究员并没有发现那些只吃硒或维生素E与硒一起吃的的男性有患上前列腺癌的的额外风险。

Klein and his colleagues said it’s not clear how vitamin E would increase the risk of prostate cancer, and that not all past studies have shown it does any harm to the prostate. Some have even found a lower prostate-cancer risk with vitamin E.

Klein和他的同事们说，目前还不清楚维生素E是如何会增加患前列腺癌的风险，但并不是所有以前的研究都显示对前列腺有害，有些人甚至发现维生素E使到患前列腺癌的风险降低。

He added that the new findings aren’t definite proof that vitamin E causes extra prostate cancers, but that there wasn’t anything else that could explain why men taking the vitamin were more likely to be diagnosed with cancer — for example, they weren’t screened more frequently.

他补充说，这个新发现并没有明确地证明维生素E会产生多余的前列腺癌细胞，但也没有其他理由可以解释为什么服用维生素的男性更容易被诊断出致癌—譬如说，他们并没有接受很多次的断层扫描。

The supplement doses, he added, are much higher than what’s in most over-the-counter multivitamins, which typically contain 15 to 25 IU of vitamin E.

他接着说，补充剂量比起大多数的柜台在卖的多种维生素药丸还高得多，都有15至25 IU的维生素E成份在内。

Fleshner said that either way, vitamin E doesn’t seem to be beneficial for prostate health.

Fleshner说，无论是哪一种吃法，维生素E似乎都对前列腺的健康没有好处。

“There’s certainly no major evidence that vitamin E helps, so why bother?” he said.

他说，“当然也没有主要的证据显示维生素E对健康有益，那又何必管是怎么个吃法？”

While vitamin supplements are known to prevent disease in people who have vitamin deficiencies, so far studies haven’t found much extra benefit in people who already get enough vitamins through their diet. Specifically, vitamin E has not been shown to protect against heart disease, colon cancer or lung cancer.

大家都知道维生素补充剂是用来防止缺维生素的人患病，到目前为止，各项研究并没有发现在食谱中摄取足够维生素的人有得到更多的好处，特别是维生素E并没有显示出能有效防止心脏病，结肠癌或肺癌。

On the other hand, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting supplements may be harmful in high doses.

另一方面，有越来越多的证据在暗示剂量太多可能对身体有害。

“Vitamins are not innocuous substances,” Klein said.

Klein说，“维生素并不是无害的物质。”

 

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Source > Reuters-路透社，October 12, 2011

Translated by > BlogHost

Word Count > approx. 600 words in English

Osteoporosis

Taking vitamin E linked to osteoporosis: Japanese research

服用维生素E跟骨质疏鬆症的關係：日本人的研究

 

Japanese scientists say they have found a link between consumption of vitamin E and the degenerative bone condition osteoporosis, in a study likely to shed new light on the use of supplements.

日本科学家说，他们已经发现了维生素E的食用跟退化性骨胳状况的骨质疏松症之间的关联，这一项研究将会给这种补充剂的使用提供新的认知。

Researchers found that giving mice increased doses of the vitamin to a level similar to that found in supplements caused the animals’ bones to thin.

研究人员发现，给小老鼠增加跟维生素补充剂一样的数量时会造成动物的骨胳变薄。

The mice developed osteoporosis after eight weeks on the diet, which had levels of vitamin E significantly higher than those found in a mouse’s natural diet, according to the study, published in the journal Nature Medicine.

根据这项在“自然科学”杂志上发表的研究报告，小老鼠维持这种食谱八个星期后导致骨质疏松，维生素E的含量明显高过老鼠的自然食谱。

The team, led by Shu Takeda of Keio University, said vitamin E stimulates the generation of bone-degrading cells, which normally work with bone-forming cells to maintain bone strength.

这个由應慶義塾大学的武田先生领导的研究队伍说， 维生素E刺激了骨胳退化的细胞去生长，这种细胞通常都跟制造骨质的细胞携手合作来维持骨骼的强度。

Osteoporosis is a disease that causes the thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time. It often affects older people, particularly women, who may become more prone to bone fractures.

骨质疏松症是一种疾病，时日久了會导致骨质的骨纤维组织变薄和流失骨质的密度，最常影响到老年人，尤其是妇女，更容易骨折。

Vitamin E is found naturally in various foods including vegetable oil, nuts and some leafy vegetables.

维生素E在各种食物如植物油，坚果和一些绿叶蔬菜之中都是天然的要素。

It is also a popular health supplement as an antioxidant, and is widely believed to enhance health and slow problems related to ageing.

它也是一种流行的保健补充品，有抗氧化的功效，人们普遍认为可以用它来促进健康和减轻跟老化有关的问题。

The study called for greater research into how enhanced levels of vitamin E affect human health.

這項研究呼吁開展更多研究来找出补强的维生素E如何影响人们的健康。

“It is possible that with the volume (of vitamin E) contained in health supplements, bones may become fragile,” Takeda told the Mainichi Shimbun newspaper.

“这是有可能的事，保健品中的维生素E含量可能会使骨骼变脆弱。”武田告诉每日新闻报。

The findings come after researchers found mice that had been genetically modified to be deficient in vitamin E had a high bone density.

这项研究结果是在研究人员把小老鼠的基因修改成缺乏维生素E后，反而拥有更高的骨质密度后发现的现象。

 

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Source > Agence France-Presse-法新社, March 6, 2012

Translated by > BlogHost

Word Count > approx. 280 words in English

Vitamin D

Vitamin D supplements can lower risk of dying

补充维生素D可降低死亡的风险

 

Boosting the level of vitamin D by using supplements for someone who is vitamin D deficient can lower his risk of dying by 60 percent, a new study found.

一项新的研究发现，为欠缺维他命D的人提供补充维生素可以加强维他命D的水平，降低60%的死亡风险。

Analyzing data on 10,889 patients, University of Kansas Hospital researchers found that 70 percent of them were deficient in vitamin D, with levels below the 30 nanograms per millilitre considered necessary for good health.

分析10889个病例患者的数据之后，堪萨斯大学医院的研究人员发现，其中70％缺乏维生素D的病人缺乏健康良好所需的低于每毫升30毫微克的水平。

After taking into account the patients’ medical history, medication and other factors, the cardiologists found that people with deficient levels of vitamin D were more than twice as likely to have diabetes. 40 per cent more likely to have high blood pressure and about 30 percent more likely to suffer from cardiomyopathy-diseased heart muscle-as people without this deficiency.

考虑到病人的病史，药物和其他因素后，心脏病学家发现，缺乏维生素D的人比起不缺乏的人有两倍以上的机率患上糖尿病，40％的机率有高血压，大约有30％机率会患上有心脏病菌的心肌病。

Overall, those who were deficient in vitamin D had a three-fold higher likelihood of dying from any cause than those who were not deficient, the researchers reported in the American Journal of Cardiology.

总的来说，那些缺乏维生素D的人比起那些不欠缺的人有三倍可能性会死于任何病因，这是研究人员在美国心脏病学杂志提出的报告。

When the tem look at people who took vitamin D supplements, their risk of death from any cause was about 60 per cent lower than the rest of the patients, although the effect was strongest among those who were vitamin D deficient at the time they were tested.

研究小组观察了食用维生素D补充剂的人发现，他们因为任何原因引起的死亡风险比其余的患者低了60％左右，虽然效果会在这些人进行测试期欠缺维生素D时最明显。

Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to a range of illnesses, but few studies have demonstrated that supplements could prevent those diseases.

欠缺维生素D跟一系列疾病有关联，但很少有研究显示补充剂可以预防这些疾病。

Dr.James L.Vacek, a professor of cardiology at the University of Kansas Hospital and Medical Center, said : “We expected to see a relationship between heart disease and vitamin D deficiency; we were surprised at how strong it was.”

堪萨斯州大学医院和医疗中心心脏病科教授Dr.James L. Vacek说：“我们有准备看到心脏疾病和维生素D缺乏症之间的关系，但关联之紧密让我们感到惊讶。”

But the study does not prove that vitamin D is the cause of the effects seen. Other factors, such as disease, could be responsible both for the differences in health and the differences in vitamin D levels.

但这项研究并没有证明维生素D是所观察到的效果的主因。其他因素如病菌也可能造成健康与维生素D不同水平之间的差异。

Still, people should get about 90 per cent of vitamin D from the sun and about 10 per cent from food, Dr Vacek said.

Vacek博士说，尽管如此，人们还是应该从阳光中吸收大约90％的维生素D以及从食物中摄取大约10％的维生素D。

The human body makes vitamin D in response to skin exposure to sunlight. At least 10 minutes of full-body exposure to sunlight each day is required to get a sufficient amount of vitamin D, Dr Vacek said.

皮肤暴露在阳光下时人体会制造维生素D。Vacek博士说，每天有至少10分钟让全身暴露在阳光下才能得到足够的维生素D含量。

Certain types of food, such as oily fish, eggs and enriched milk products, are also good sources of vitamin D.

某些食物，如油性鱼，蛋和加工的奶类制品，也是维生素D的好来源。

The findings mean that adults should consider getting their vitamin D levels checked through a simple blood test and take vitamin D supplements if they are deficient, said Dr Vacek.

Vacek博士说，这个发现意味着，成年人应该考虑通过简单的血液测试去检查他们的维生素D水平，如果有所欠缺，就吃维生素D补充剂。

He said: “If you’re not deficient, vitamin D is not a magic pill that will make you live longer. Its benefit is in people who are deficient.”

他说：“如果你不缺乏，维生素D也不是什么神奇药丸能让你活得更长久。它只是对欠缺的人有好处。”

 

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Source > Newspaper Article

Translated by > BlogHost

Word Count > approx. 500 words in English