Building Archi Translation 建筑翻译

Click to see larger clearer image. 点击看清晰大图

Translator 译者

Container Home 貨櫃之家

Traditional Chinese | 繁體中文

Click to browse slides 點擊看圖文

Mini Home 迷你屋

Simplified Chinese | 简体中文

Click to browse slides 点击看图文

Unusual Homes 非一般房子

Simplified Chinese | 简体中文

Click to browse slides 点击看图文

Futuristic Building 未来式建筑

Simplified Chinese | 简体中文

Click to browse slides 点击看图文

Glass Home 玻璃屋

Traditional Chinese | 繁體中文

Click to browse slides 點擊看圖文

DIY Homes 組裝屋

Traditional Chinese | 繁體中文

Click to browse slides 點擊看圖文

Best Projects 最佳建案

Simplified Chinese | 简体中文

Click to browse archi-building slildes 点击看建筑图文

Grand Central Station 中央大車站

Traditional Chinese | 繁體中文

Click to browse train station slides 點擊看車站圖文

Cloister 迴廊

Cloister 迴廊

A cloister (from Latin claustrum, “enclosure”) is a rectangular open space surrounded by covered walks or open galleries, with open arcades on the inner side, running along the walls of buildings and forming a quadrangle or garth. The attachment of a cloister to a cathedral or church, commonly against a warm southern flank, usually indicates that it is (or once was) part of a monastic foundation, “forming a continuous and solid architectural barrier… that effectively separates the world of the monks from that of the serfs and workmen, whose lives and works went on outside and around the cloister.”

廻廊(拉丁文claustrum，“围墙”)是一个被有盖走道或开放式走廊围绕的长方形开放空间，内侧有拱廊，沿着建筑物的墙壁形成一个四边形或中庭。大教堂或教堂里的迴廊通常都靠向建筑的南翼，就表示这是(曾经是)修道院的一部份地基，“形成了一道连续又坚固的建筑屏障。。。有效地把修道士跟农奴和工人们隔开来，让他们在迴廊外面和周围生活与工作。”

Cloistered (or claustral) life is also another name for the life of a monk or nun in the enclosed religious orders; the modern English term enclosure is used in contemporary Catholic church law to mean cloistered, and cloister is sometimes used as a metonymic synonym for monastery.

迴廊式(与世隔绝或遁世)的生活是修道士或修女在封闭的宗教教条下生活的另一个名称；现代英语里的围墙这个字在当代天主教堂的律法里使用的意思是与世隔绝，而迴廊有时候也被当成是修道院的转喻同义词来用。

Historically, the early medieval cloister had several antecedents, the peristyle court of the Greco-Roman domus, the atrium and its expanded version that served as forecourt to early Christian basilicas, and certain semi-galleried courts attached to the flanks of early Syrian churches. Walter Horn suggests that the earliest coenobitic communities, which were established in Egypt by Saint Pachomius, did not result in cloister construction, as there were no lay serfs attached to the community of monks, thus no separation within the walled community was required; Horn finds the earliest prototypical cloisters in some exceptional late fifth-century monastic churches in southern Syria, such as the Convent of Saints Sergios and Bacchos, at Umm-is-Surab (AD 489), and the colonnaded forecourt of the convent of Id-Dêr, but nothing similar appeared in the semieremitic Irish monasteries’ clustered roundhouses nor in the earliest Benedictine collective communities of the West.

史上早期的中世纪修道院有几个前例，比如希腊罗马豪宅里的列柱庭院，中庭以及延伸的设计版本，都成了早期基督教大会堂的前院圣殿，以及依附着早期叙利亚教堂侧翼而建的半长廊庭院。(Walter Horn)沃尔特霍恩认为，早期那些由(Saint Pachomius)圣巴绰米尔士在埃及成立的僧团社群并没有形成迴廊的格局，因为修道士的社区里并没有跟普通的农奴一起生活，因此就不需要围墙来隔开不同的社群；霍恩在叙利亚南部的教堂发现晚期第五世纪的修道院里的早期迴廊雏形有例外之处，比如位于Umm-is-Surab(公元489年)的(Saint Sergiois)圣瑟基尔和(Bacchos)巴绰士女修道院以及(Id-Der)爱德女修道院那些柱廊前院，但是又跟半隐士的爱尔兰修道院那些聚落式圆形屋或者早期西方本笃会的群居社群没有什么类似之处。

One of the earliest visual representations of the claustral plan is the Carolingian plan of St. Gall, a copy made at Reichenau of a scheme worked out at the two reforming synods held at Aachen, 816 and 817. Though cloisters served functions of quiet meditation or a study garden, the uses of the surrounding buildings in the St. Gall plan, each entered only through the covered porches, show how central the cloister was to the communal life: on the eastern side stood the calefactoria or warming room, the sole heated space, with above it the dormitory; on the south side the refectory, with above it the vestiarium (“vestiary”); on the west side the cellar for wines and beer with above it the larder.

其中一个迴廊平面图最早的视觉表现手法是(Saint Gall)圣高尔的卡洛林风格平面图，是在816年跟817年在德国(Aachen)亚琛市展开的一项计划，于两次宗教改革会议中制定，在有修院岛之称的(Reichenau)赖兴瑙岛上复制了一份。虽然迴廊是用来静思冥想或当作学习园地，但是圣高尔平面图里的周边建筑只能通过有盖的露台进入，其用途显示迴廊才是社群生活的中心点：东侧有一个暖炉或暖房，也是唯一的取暖处，上面就是宿舍；在食堂的南侧，上面有公共衣柜(“衣帽间”)；西侧就是啤酒和烈酒的酒窖，上面还有粮仓。

In the time of Charlemagne the requirements of a separate monastic community within an extended and scattered manorial estate created this “monastery within a monastery” in the form of the locked cloister, an architectural solution allowing the monks to perform their sacred tasks apart from the distractions of laymen and servants. Horn offers as early examples Abbot Gundeland’s “Altenmünster” of Lorsch abbey (765-74), as revealed in the excavations by Frederich Behn; Lorsch was adapted without substantial alteration from a Frankish nobleman’s villa rustica, in a tradition unbroken from late Roman times. Another early cloister, that of the abbey of Saint-Riquier (790-99), took a triangular shape, with chapels at the corners, in conscious representation of the Trinity. A square cloister sited against the flank of the abbey church were built at Inden (816) and the abbey of St. Wandrille at Fontenelle (823-33). At Fulda, a new cloister (819) was sited to the liturgical west of the church “in the Roman manner” familiar from the forecourt of Old St. Peter’s Basilica because it would be closer to the relics.

查理曼大帝时代要求在延伸或散落的庄园田地里要有隔离开来的修道院社群，就创造出了所谓的“修道院里的修道院”，是个上锁的迴廊，这个建筑设计的解决方案允许修道士能够不受一般百姓和仆人的干扰去做神圣的工作。霍恩提供了(Losch) 洛池隐修院(765-74) 里神父(Gundeland)甘得兰畫的“Altenmunster”区这个早期的例子，是由(Frederich Behn)斐得利赐倍恩挖掘出来发现的 ；(Lorsch) 洛池隐修院是从法兰克王国贵族的古别墅那里引用过来，并没有作什么实质的修改，延续了晚期罗马帝国时代的传统。另一个早期的迴廊是(Saint Riquier)圣利基尔(790-99)的隐修院，是三角形的，角头有小礼拜堂，有意借此表示三位一体的精神。在德国(Inden)应登隐修院教堂(819)以及法国(Fontenelle)枫得娜丽(823-33)的(Saint Wandrille)圣万德利隐修院的侧翼就建了四方形的迴廊。在德国(Fulda)富而达市，新的迴廊就以“罗马的做法”建在传统礼拜式教堂的西侧，跟旧的(St.Peter’s Basilica)圣彼得圣殿类似，因为这样才比较靠近圣物。

The hortus conclusus or “enclosed garden” of medieval times, whether secular or claustral, featured the essential well at the center, from which four paths divided the space into quadrants.

中世纪时期的围墙后花园或“封闭式花园”无论是世俗或遁世的，中心点都会有一口不可少的井，从这个点开出四条小径划分出四个区块。

The largest cloister in the world (12,000 m2/130,000 sq ft) is at the Certosa di Padula near Salerno in southern Italy.

世界上最大的迴廊(12000平方公尺/130000方英尺)就位于意大利南部(Selerno)萨莱诺省会附近的(Certosa di Padula)八堵拉修道院。

 

See Also 参阅

Peristyle 列柱
Quadrangle (architecture) 四角形 (建筑)
Siheyuan 四合院

 

Notes 註

^ Walter Horn, “On the Origins of the Medieval Cloister” Gesta 12.1/2 (1973:13-52) p. 13.

^ 沃尔特·霍恩，“中世纪迴廊的起源”Gesta 12.1 / 2(1973:13-52)13页。

^ Oxford Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, s.v. “Cloister”

^ 建筑和景观设计的牛津词典，s.v.“迴廊”

^ The Code of Canon Law, Canon 667 ff. English translation copyright 1983 The Canon Law Society Trust

^ 教会律法守则，法规667 ff。英语翻译版权1983 教会律法协会信托

^ Cf. German Kloster. Cf。德国克洛斯特。

^ Horn 1973, eo. loc. gives these sources. 霍恩1973年，eo. loc. 提供这些来源。

^ The normal Syrian monastery plan was an open one, Horn observes.

^ 霍恩的观察发现，一般的叙利亚修道院布局都是开放式的。

^ Horn 1973, plans, figs 9 and 10 霍恩1973，平面图，图9和10

^ Horn pp 40ff. 霍恩pp 40ff。

^ When Lorsch was rebuilt on a neighboring site by Abbot Richbold (784-804) the cloister was made a perfect square, against the south flank of the new church, precisely as in the plan of St. Gall (Horn 1973:44, figs 43ab, 45).

^ 当神父Richbold(784-804)在隔邻的土地重建Lorsch修道院时，迴廊是完美的四方形，位于新教堂的南面，跟(St.Gall)圣高尔教堂的平面图完全一样(霍恩 1974:44，图43ab, 45)。

^ Horn 1973:43 and fig 42ab. 霍恩1973:43和图42ab。

^ Vita Eigili, the life of Abbot Eigil. 伊吉里传，神父伊吉里的一生。

 

External Links 外部链接

Photographs of cloisters in Spain, Portugal and England

西班牙，葡萄牙和英格兰的修道院照片

The Code of Canon Law, cf canons 667 ff.

教会法规守则，cf法规667 ff。

New Advent Encyclopaedia III ff. on “Nuns, properly so called

《新临百科全书三》里的 “所谓的修女”

“Cloister” in the New Advent encyclopaedia

《新临百科全书》里的“迴廊”

New Advent Encyclopaedia on “Religious Life

《新临百科全书》里的“宗教生活”

Photos and information on cloisters in France, Italy and Spain

在法国，意大利和西班牙的迴廊照片与资讯

“Order of the Stick” comic describing the spell “Cloister”

漫画“棒子的秩序”描述的“迴廊”魔咒

 

Categories 分類

Rooms, Spaces, and Architectural Elements  房间，空间，建筑设计元素

Public Areas 公共场所

Airport lounge 机场休息室

Auditorium 礼堂

Cafeteria 餐饮店

Classroom 课室

Changing room 更衣室

Conference hall 会议厅

Doctor’s office 医生办公室

Function hall 聚会厅

Mailroom 邮件室

Library 图书馆

Lobby 大厅

Office 办公室

Refectory 食堂 /饭厅

Restroom 洗手间 /卫生间

Security 保安 / 保全

Waiting room 等候室 / 候车室

Passages and Spaces 通道与空间

Alcove 壁龛

Atrium 中庭

Balcony 阳台

Breezeway 通风廊

Corridor 走廊

Deck 甲板

Elevator 电梯

Emergency exit 紧急出口

Escalator 自动扶梯

Entryway / Genkan 入口处 / 玄关

Foyer 前庭 / 堂前

Hallway 礼堂

Loft 阁楼

Loggia 走廊

Nook 小角落

Patio 天井

Pedway 高架走道

Pergola 绿荫廊道

Porch 露台

porte-cochère 前庭门廊

Portico 廊

Ramp 斜坡道

Secret passage 秘密通道

Skyway 天桥

Spear closet 矛头角

Stairway 楼梯

Terrace 天台

Veranda 走廊

Vestibule 前庭 / 门厅

Wheelchair ramp 轮椅坡道

Utility and Storage 工用与存储

Attic 顶楼

Basement 地下室

Box Room / Carport 箱室 / 车库

Cloakroom 衣帽间

Closet 橱柜

Electrical room 电气房

Equipment room 机房

Furnace room / Boiler room 炉房 / 锅炉房

Garage 车房

Janitorial closet 卫生柜 / 清洁橱

Laundry room / Utility room 洗衣房 / 工作间

Mechanical room / floor 机械房 / 层

Pantry 茶水处 / 杂物处

Root cellar 地窖

Semi-basement 半地下室

Studio 工作室

Server room 伺服器机房

Wardrobe 衣柜

Workshop 车间 / 工作室 / 工房

Vault 保险库

Wine cellar 酒窖

Wiring closet / Demarcation point 配线房 / 划界点

Shared Residential Rooms 共用住宅房间

Billiard room 桌球室

Bonus room 备用房

Common room 公共房

Common Room (university) 公共休息室 (大学)

Conversation pit 闲聊坑

Den 小窝

Dining room 餐室 / 饭厅

Drawing room 小客厅

Family room 家人聚合室

Great room 大厅

Hearth room 壁炉房 / 灶房

Home office 住家办公室

Kitchen 厨房

Kitchenette 小厨房

Library 图书馆

Living room / Lounge / Sitting room 客厅/ 休闲室 / 客厅

Man cave 人洞 / 私房

Media room or Home theater 媒体室或家庭影院

Mehmaan khana 小客厅

Recreation room 娱乐室 /康乐室

Shrines 神坛

Study 书室

Student lounge 学生休息室

Sunroom / Solarium 日光室 / 观景室

Private Rooms 私人房间

Bathroom / Toilet (room) 浴室 / 厕所 (间)

Bedroom / Guest room 卧室 / 客房

Boudoir 闺房

Cabinet 内阁

Jack and Jill bathroom 两房共用浴室

Nursery 托儿所

Safe room 安全房

State room 大堂 / 国宾厅

Suite 套房

Walk-in closet 步入式衣橱

Great House Areas 大房子区块

Ballroom 舞厅

Butler’s pantry 管家的杂物间

Buttery 酒窖

Drawing room 小客厅

Fainting room 慵懒室

Great chamber 主厅 / 主室

Great hall 大堂

Larder 贮藏室

Long gallery 长廊

Lumber room 暗房

Parlour 会客室

Root cellar 地窖

Salon 客厅

Saucery 调味处

Scullery 碗碟间

Servants’ hall 仆人厅

Servants’ quarters 佣人宿舍

Smoking room 吸烟室

Solar 太阳能

Spicery 香料间

Still room 酵房

Undercroft 贮藏室

Other Areas 其他区块

Barn 谷仓

Boathouse 船屋

Conservatory 暖房 / 温室

Gym 健身房

Loading dock 装卸码头

Moon gate 月亮门

Outhouse 厕所 / 外屋

Secondary suite 单房 / 附属屋

Shed 棚 / 小屋

Stable 马房

Storm cellar or Storm room 风暴地窖或避风室

Architectural Elements 建筑设计元素

Arch 拱

Ceiling 天花板

Colonnade 柱廊 / 列柱

Column 柱子

Courtyard 庭院

Fireplace 壁炉

Floor 地板

Gate 前门

Lighting 照明

Medaillon 圆雕

Ornament 点缀物

Swimming pool 游泳池

Vault 保险库

Wet bar 湿吧台

Roof 屋顶

Related Terms 相关术语

Building 建筑

Furniture 家具

House 房子

House plan 房子平面图

Rooms 房间

 

—— END ——

 

Source > Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloister

Translated by > BlogHost — hkTan

Word Count > Approx. 840 words in English

 

Loft 閣樓

Loft  閣樓

A loft can be an upper storey or attic in a building, directly under the roof. Alternatively, a loft apartment refers to large adaptable open space, often converted for residential use (a converted loft) from some other use, often light industrial. Adding to the confusion, some converted lofts include upper open loft areas.

阁楼可以是建筑上层或顶楼，就在屋檐下，另一方面，阁楼公寓是指大面积可灵活应用的开放空间，通常都从其他用途如轻工业仓库转换成住宅(改装的阁楼)。再复杂一点的话，有些改装过的阁楼里面还有上层的开放阁楼区块。

 

Contents  内容

1 Attic 屋檐顶楼

2 Loft apartment 阁楼公寓

3 Other lofts 其他阁楼

3.1 Commercial loft 商用阁楼

3.2 Live/work loft 生活/工作阁楼

3.3 Rigging loft 钻台阁楼

3.4 Parachute loft 降落伞阁楼

3.5 Sail loft 风帆阁楼

3.6 Church architecture 教堂建筑

3.7 Loft conversions 阁楼的改装

3.8 Pigeon loft 鸽子的阁楼

4 See also 参阅

5 Sources 出处

 

Attic 屋檐顶楼

An upper room or story in a building, mainly in a barn, directly under the roof, used either for storage (as in most private houses), for a specific purpose, e.g. an “organ loft” in a church, or to sleep in (sleeping loft). In this sense it is roughly synonymous with attic, the major difference being that an attic typically constitutes an entire floor of the building, while a loft covers only a few rooms, leaving one or more sides open to the lower floor. In barns a hayloft is often larger than the ground floor as it would contain a year’s worth of hay.

建筑里的上层房间或楼层主要是在谷仓里，就在屋檐下，用来当存储(跟多数私宅一样)或特殊用途如教堂内的“管风琴阁楼”或用来睡眠(睡眠阁楼)。这么说来就差不多相当于顶楼了。主要的差别在于典型的顶楼占据了建筑的一整层，而阁楼只有几个房间，留下房的一边或多边向下层开放。在谷仓里，干草阁楼的面积通常都大过地面层，因为需要存放一年份量的干草。

An attic loft can often be converted to form functional living accommodation (see loft conversion).

顶层阁楼通常都可以改装成实用的住所(见阁楼的改装)。

 

Loft Apartment 阁楼公寓

Loft apartments are apartments that are generally built from former industrial buildings. When industrial developments are developed into condominiums instead of apartments, they may be called loft condominiums. The general term warehouse-to-loft conversions may sometimes be used for development of industrial buildings into apartments and condominiums. “Loft-style” may also refer simply to developments where a street-level business occupies the first floor while apartment “lofts” are placed below the first floor.

阁楼公寓通常都是从工业建筑改装而成，当一栋工业大楼发展成共管式公寓而不只是公寓时，就称为阁楼共管式公寓。仓库转阁楼这个笼统的术语有时也用来形容改装成公寓和共管式公寓的工业大楼开发项目。“阁楼式”也可能只是简单地形容建筑里的地面层业务占用第一层，而“阁楼”公寓就在第一层的下面。

Sometimes, loft apartments are one component of municipal urban renewal initiatives that also include renovation of industrial buildings into art galleries and studio space as well as promotion of a new part of the city as an “arts district.”

有时候，阁楼公寓会是市政级的市区重建计划中的一部份，包括把工业建筑整修成艺术画廊和工作室，用来促使城市的某一个新区成为“艺术区”。

Originally popular with artists, they are now highly sought-after by other bohemians, and the gentrification of the former manufacturing sectors of medium to large cities is now a familiar pattern. One such sector is Manhattan’s Meatpacking District. The adoption of the Adaptive Reuse Ordinance (2001) in the City of Los Angeles (primarily the Arts District) is another example of such legislation to encourage the conversion of no longer economically viable industrial and commercial buildings to residential loft communities. Such is the demand for these spaces that real estate developers have taken to creating ready-made “lofts” in urban areas that are gentrifying or that seem primed to do so. While some of these units are created by developers during the renovation of old buildings, a number of them are included in the floor plans of brand new developments. Both types of pre-fab loft offer buyers or renters proximity to urban amenities afforded by traditional lofts, but without perceived safety risks of living in economically depressed formerly industrial areas.

这种模式原本只是艺术家们的喜好，但是现在却教其他领先潮流的人士趋之若鹜，那些在中大型城市里被边缘化的工业区到现在已经成了常态，其中一个就是曼哈顿的肉类食品包装区，另一个法规例子是洛杉矶市(原本就是个艺术区)采用的适应性再用条例(2001)，鼓励整修改装再也没有经济价值的工业和商业建筑成为住用的阁楼社群。由于市场对这种空间有需求，就促使房地产开发商在边缘化或已经老旧到必须翻新的市区里推出现成的“阁楼”项目。虽然有一些住宅单位是开发商用旧建筑整修出来，但也有不少这种单位被塞进全新的发展项目的蓝图里。这两种预制组合的阁楼给买家和租客有机会住在靠近市区设施接近传统阁楼价码的阁楼里，又不必住在经济萎靡不振的前工业区里去面对人身安全的风险。

Real estate industry distinguishes between “hard lofts”, which are former industrial buildings converted to residential or live/work use, and “soft lofts”, which are loft-style residential buildings built entirely anew as described above.

房地产业界区分出两种阁楼来，一种是从工业大楼改装成住家或工住两用的“硬阁楼”，另一种是前文提到的全新开发项目里的阁楼式公寓楼，叫“软阁楼”。

 

Other Lofts  其他阁楼

Commercial loft  商业阁楼

A commercial loft refers to upper story space, usually in a commercial or industrial building with higher ceilings; a second story area for storage or offices above may be added within the original space used by a previous business occupant, effectively becoming a mezzanine area within the commercial loft space. Such adaptation of loft space, can result in better operating efficiencies for ongoing light industrial, commercial and work/live use.

商业阁楼是指上层的空间，通常都在商业或工业大楼内，有比较高的天花板；可能也会在里面加多第二层来当储存或办公用途，也可能是前一个住户在用的空间，实在地成为商业阁楼里的夹层。这种阁楼空间的善用可以提高轻工业，商业以及工住两用的营运效率。

Live/work loft  生活/工作阁楼

A live/work loft is a space designed to house a resident and their business. This concept has been a vital part of the redevelopment of major downtown cities’ inner cores. The concept of cutting costs on space, travel and more is essential in the live/work loft.

生活兼工作的阁楼是特别设计来容纳住家及其业务的空间，这个概念成了在主要城市核心范围内重建的重要一环，在空间和交通等各方面动脑筋省成本的概念是这种工住两用的阁楼的基本概念。

Rigging loft  钻台阁楼

An elevated area or gallery in a shipyard where workers stand while fitting rigging.

这是船厂里一个凸起的区块或顶层，好让工人可以站着装配钻井。

Parachute loft  降落伞阁楼

A large, open, high ceilinged space where parachute riggers re-pack parachutes into parachute containers.

这是一个又大又开放天花板高的空间，方便降落伞的包装工人重新把降落伞装进容器里。

Sail loft  风帆阁楼

A large open space used by sailmakers to spread out sails.

这个很大的开放空间让造帆布的工人可以摊开整个风帆。

Church architecture  教堂建筑

Some churches have a choir loft, where the singers stand or sit during services. Sometimes the church organ is located in a loft.

有些教堂有阁楼唱诗班，歌手们可以站或坐着进行仪式，有时候教堂的管风琴也摆在阁楼里。

Loft conversions  阁楼的改装

It is fairly common to convert all or part of a home into a loft to create an extra room in order to prevent needing to move to a new house. The most common additions are an extra bedroom or study. The attic area of a building tends to be unused, but when converted can add a large amount of floor space.

把住家的一部份或全部都改装成阁楼多出一个房间的做法很普遍，这样就不必再换新房子。最常见的是多出一个卧室或书室。一般上，建筑的顶楼都空置没用，一旦改装就可以多出很多的面积。

Pigeon loft  鸽子阁楼

Housing for Domestic pigeons are often called Pigeon lofts. Pigeon lofts consist of a large cage or aviary and sometimes a nest box.

家里养的鸽子屋也常被称为鸽子阁楼，这种阁楼就是一个很大的笼子或鸟舍，有时候是一个巢箱。

 

See Also 参阅

Fly loft 飞阁

Loft bed 阁楼床

Mezzanine 夹层

Warehouse District 仓库区

 

Sources  出处

^ Zukin, Sharon (1989). Loft living: culture and capital in urban change. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-1389-8.

^ Zukin, Sharon(1989)。阁楼生活：城市变迁中的文化与资本。罗格斯大学出版社。 ISBN 0-8135-1389-8。

^ Levi, Wendell (1977). The Pigeon. Sumter, S.C.: Levi Publishing Co, Inc. p. 507. ISBN 0-85390-013-2.

^ Levi, Wendell  (1977)。鸽子丛书，Sumter, S.C. ：李维出版公司，507页。ISBN 0-85390-013-2。

 

Categories 分類

Rooms, Spaces, and Architectural Elements  房间，空间，建筑设计元素

Public Areas 公共场所

Airport lounge 机场休息室

Auditorium 礼堂

Cafeteria 餐饮店

Classroom 课室

Changing room 更衣室

Conference hall 会议厅

Doctor’s office 医生办公室

Function hall 聚会厅

Mailroom 邮件室

Library 图书馆

Lobby 大厅

Office 办公室

Refectory 食堂 /饭厅

Restroom 洗手间 /卫生间

Security 保安 / 保全

Waiting room 等候室 / 候车室

Passages and Spaces 通道与空间

Alcove 壁龛

Atrium 中庭

Balcony 阳台

Breezeway 通风廊

Corridor 走廊

Deck 甲板

Elevator 电梯

Emergency exit 紧急出口

Escalator 自动扶梯

Entryway / Genkan 入口处 / 玄关

Foyer 前庭 / 堂前

Hallway 礼堂

Loft 阁楼

Loggia 走廊

Nook 小角落

Patio 天井

Pedway 高架走道

Pergola 绿荫廊道

Porch 露台

porte-cochère 前庭门廊

Portico 廊

Ramp 斜坡道

Secret passage 秘密通道

Skyway 天桥

Spear closet 矛头角

Stairway 楼梯

Terrace 天台

Veranda 走廊

Vestibule 前庭 / 门厅

Wheelchair ramp 轮椅坡道

Utility and Storage 工用与存储

Attic 顶楼

Basement 地下室

Box Room / Carport 箱室 / 车库

Cloakroom 衣帽间

Closet 橱柜

Electrical room 电气房

Equipment room 机房

Furnace room / Boiler room 炉房 / 锅炉房

Garage 车房

Janitorial closet 卫生柜 / 清洁橱

Laundry room / Utility room 洗衣房 / 工作间

Mechanical room / floor 机械房 / 层

Pantry 茶水处 / 杂物处

Root cellar 地窖

Semi-basement 半地下室

Studio 工作室

Server room 伺服器机房

Wardrobe 衣柜

Workshop 车间 / 工作室 / 工房

Vault 保险库

Wine cellar 酒窖

Wiring closet / Demarcation point 配线房 / 划界点

Shared Residential Rooms 共用住宅房间

Billiard room 桌球室

Bonus room 备用房

Common room 公共房

Common Room (university) 公共休息室 (大学)

Conversation pit 闲聊坑

Den 小窝

Dining room 餐室 / 饭厅

Drawing room 小客厅

Family room 家人聚合室

Great room 大厅

Hearth room 壁炉房 / 灶房

Home office 住家办公室

Kitchen 厨房

Kitchenette 小厨房

Library 图书馆

Living room / Lounge / Sitting room 客厅/ 休闲室 / 客厅

Man cave 人洞 / 私房

Media room or Home theater 媒体室或家庭影院

Mehmaan khana 小客厅

Recreation room 娱乐室 /康乐室

Shrines 神坛

Study 书室

Student lounge 学生休息室

Sunroom / Solarium 日光室 / 观景室

Private Rooms 私人房间

Bathroom / Toilet (room) 浴室 / 厕所 (间)

Bedroom / Guest room 卧室 / 客房

Boudoir 闺房

Cabinet 内阁

Jack and Jill bathroom 两房共用浴室

Nursery 托儿所

Safe room 安全房

State room 大堂 / 国宾厅

Suite 套房

Walk-in closet 步入式衣橱

Great House Areas 大房子区块

Ballroom 舞厅

Butler’s pantry 管家的杂物间

Buttery 酒窖

Drawing room 小客厅

Fainting room 慵懒室

Great chamber 主厅 / 主室

Great hall 大堂

Larder 贮藏室

Long gallery 长廊

Lumber room 暗房

Parlour 会客室

Root cellar 地窖

Salon 客厅

Saucery 调味处

Scullery 碗碟间

Servants’ hall 仆人厅

Servants’ quarters 佣人宿舍

Smoking room 吸烟室

Solar 太阳能

Spicery 香料间

Still room 酵房

Undercroft 贮藏室

Other Areas 其他区块

Barn 谷仓

Boathouse 船屋

Conservatory 暖房 / 温室

Gym 健身房

Loading dock 装卸码头

Moon gate 月亮门

Outhouse 厕所 / 外屋

Secondary suite 单房 / 附属屋

Shed 棚 / 小屋

Stable 马房

Storm cellar or Storm room 风暴地窖或避风室

Architectural Elements 建筑设计元素

Arch 拱

Ceiling 天花板

Colonnade 柱廊 / 列柱

Column 柱子

Courtyard 庭院

Fireplace 壁炉

Floor 地板

Gate 前门

Lighting 照明

Medaillon 圆雕

Ornament 点缀物

Swimming pool 游泳池

Vault 保险库

Wet bar 湿吧台

Roof 屋顶

Related Terms 相关术语

Building 建筑

Furniture 家具

House 房子

House plan 房子平面图

Rooms 房间

 

—— END ——

 

Source > Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loft

Translated by > BlogHost — hkTan

Word Count > Approx. 1130 words in English

 

Verandah 走廊

Verandah 走廊

A veranda or verandah is a roofed opened gallery or porch. It is also described as an open pillared gallery, generally roofed, built around a central structure. It is often partly enclosed by a railing and frequently extends across the front and sides of the structure.

走廊是一个有盖的开放式走道或露台/凉台，也被形容为一个围绕着主体建筑而建的有盖走道，通常都加盖，部份封闭，被栏杆围起来，经常建在房子的前方或旁边。

 

Contents  内容

1 History of term 术语的历史

2 Architecture styles notable for verandas 建筑风格显著的走廊

3 See also 参阅

4 References 参考文献

5 External links 外部链接

 

History of Term  术语的历史

The word verandah may have been an adaptation of the Portuguese or older Spanish varanda (baranda or barandilla in modern Spanish), referring to a railing, balustrade or balcony.The distinctive style of Indian architecture evolved from a hybrid of east and west. The veranda is one of the many new hybrid architectural elements.

走廊这个名词可能是改编自葡萄牙或古西班牙文varanda(现代西班牙语是baranda或barandilla)，是指围栏，栏杆或阳台。印度的独特建筑风格融合了东西方的设计元素，走廊就是众多混合式建筑元素中的一种。

The word “verandah” is a malformation of the original Sanskrit word that somewhat survives in Bengali. The word is a culmination of two words: “Vahir”( “বাহির” /Outside) and “Awndar” (“অন্দর” /inside a room). It means something that is considered outside but situated inside a room (or covered area).

“走廊”这个单词是从梵文演变过来，在孟加拉语里落脚，这个字由两个字组成：“Vahir”)“বাহির”/外)以及“Awndar”(“অন্দর”/房内)，意思是原本应该是属于屋外的东西被搬进屋里(或加盖的区块里)去。

Although the form “verandah” is correct and very common, some authorities prefer the version without an h (the Oxford English Dictionary gives the h version as a variant, and the Guardian Style Guide says “veranda not verandah”).

虽然“走廊”的拼音正确也很普遍，但是一些机关比较喜欢没有h的版本(《牛津英语词典》就把有h的那个字当成是衍生字，《监护人风格指南》则说veranda不是verandah)。

 

Architecture styles notable for verandas  阳台的显著建筑风格

The veranda has featured quite prominently in Australian vernacular architecture and first became widespread in colonial buildings during the 1850s. The Victorian Filigree architecture style is used by residential (particularly terraced houses in Australia and New Zealand) and commercial buildings (particularly hotels) across Australia and features decorative screens of wrought iron, cast iron “lace” or wood fretwork. The Queenslander is a style of residential construction in Queensland, Australia, which is adapted to subtropical climates and characterized by its large verandas, often in the Filigree style.

在澳洲当地的民居建筑里，走廊的设计相当显著，在1850年代间首次广泛出现在殖民地时代的建筑里，这个维多利亚时代的花丝建筑风格用在全澳洲的住宅(特别是澳洲和新西兰的排屋)和商用建筑上(尤其是酒店)，特点是装饰用的锻铁，“花边”的铸铁或镂空的木雕图案。昆士兰式是澳洲昆士兰州的一种住宅建筑风格，为了适应亚热带气候，都有很大的露台面积，通常也都是花丝风格的。

The Creole Townhouse in New Orleans, Louisiana is also noted for its prominent use of verandas.

在路易斯安那州的新奥尔良市里的(Creole)克里奥排屋就有很显眼的走廊设计。

 

See Also 参阅

Awning 遮阳篷 / 雨蓬

Canopy 遮蓬

Deck 甲板

Loggia 走廊

Patio 天井

Terrace 天台

Engawa 绿侧

 

References  参考文献

^ Poppeliers, John C. (1983). What Style is it?. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 106. ISBN 0-471-14434-7.

^ Poppeliers, John C. (1983)。这是什么风格?。纽约：约翰威利父子公司出版。106页。ISBN 0-471-14434-7。

^ “Glossary of Anglo-Indian words – verandah”. University of Chicago. Retrieved 2007-01-11.

^ “英印术语库—走廊”。芝加哥大学，2007-01-11检索。

^ Ching, Francis D.K. (1995). A Visual Dictionary of Architecture. New York: John Wiley and Sons. p. 25. ISBN 0-471-28451-3.

^ Ching, Francis D.K. (1995)。建筑的视觉词典。纽约：约翰威利父子公司出版。25页。ISBN 0-0471-28451-3.

^ “Verandah – Discussion forum”. archnet.org. Retrieved 2007-01-11.

0-471-28451-3。

^ “走廊-讨论论坛”。archnet.org。2007-01-11检索。

 

External Links  外部链接

• Verandah 走廊
• Archnet discussion forum on Verandah – Archnet论坛上讨论的走廊
• British Empire Architecture 大英帝国的建筑设计
• Ajay Sinha Discovers Experimentation in Ancient Indian Temple Design

阿杰新哈发现古代印度寺庙里的实验性设计

• The guide of verandah in France 法国的走廊指南
• See more verandas in the Becoming Queensland online exhibition

更多走廊的讯息在《成为昆士兰》的线上展览

 

Categories 分類

Rooms, Spaces, and Architectural Elements  房间，空间，建筑设计元素

Public Areas 公共场所

Airport lounge 机场休息室

Auditorium 礼堂

Cafeteria 餐饮店

Classroom 课室

Changing room 更衣室

Conference hall 会议厅

Doctor’s office 医生办公室

Function hall 聚会厅

Mailroom 邮件室

Library 图书馆

Lobby 大厅

Office 办公室

Refectory 食堂 /饭厅

Restroom 洗手间 /卫生间

Security 保安 / 保全

Waiting room 等候室 / 候车室

Passages and Spaces 通道与空间

Alcove 壁龛

Atrium 中庭

Balcony 阳台

Breezeway 通风廊

Corridor 走廊

Deck 甲板

Elevator 电梯

Emergency exit 紧急出口

Escalator 自动扶梯

Entryway / Genkan 入口处 / 玄关

Foyer 前庭 / 堂前

Hallway 礼堂

Loft 阁楼

Loggia 走廊

Nook 小角落

Patio 天井

Pedway 高架走道

Pergola 绿荫廊道

Porch 露台

porte-cochère 前庭门廊

Portico 廊

Ramp 斜坡道

Secret passage 秘密通道

Skyway 天桥

Spear closet 矛头角

Stairway 楼梯

Terrace 天台

Veranda 走廊

Vestibule 前庭 / 门厅

Wheelchair ramp 轮椅坡道

Utility and Storage 工用与存储

Attic 顶楼

Basement 地下室

Box Room / Carport 箱室 / 车库

Cloakroom 衣帽间

Closet 橱柜

Electrical room 电气房

Equipment room 机房

Furnace room / Boiler room 炉房 / 锅炉房

Garage 车房

Janitorial closet 卫生柜 / 清洁橱

Laundry room / Utility room 洗衣房 / 工作间

Mechanical room / floor 机械房 / 层

Pantry 茶水处 / 杂物处

Root cellar 地窖

Semi-basement 半地下室

Studio 工作室

Server room 伺服器机房

Wardrobe 衣柜

Workshop 车间 / 工作室 / 工房

Vault 保险库

Wine cellar 酒窖

Wiring closet / Demarcation point 配线房 / 划界点

Shared Residential Rooms 共用住宅房间

Billiard room 桌球室

Bonus room 备用房

Common room 公共房

Common Room (university) 公共休息室 (大学)

Conversation pit 闲聊坑

Den 小窝

Dining room 餐室 / 饭厅

Drawing room 小客厅

Family room 家人聚合室

Great room 大厅

Hearth room 壁炉房 / 灶房

Home office 住家办公室

Kitchen 厨房

Kitchenette 小厨房

Library 图书馆

Living room / Lounge / Sitting room 客厅/ 休闲室 / 客厅

Man cave 人洞 / 私房

Media room or Home theater 媒体室或家庭影院

Mehmaan khana 小客厅

Recreation room 娱乐室 /康乐室

Shrines 神坛

Study 书室

Student lounge 学生休息室

Sunroom / Solarium 日光室 / 观景室

Private Rooms 私人房间

Bathroom / Toilet (room) 浴室 / 厕所 (间)

Bedroom / Guest room 卧室 / 客房

Boudoir 闺房

Cabinet 内阁

Jack and Jill bathroom 两房共用浴室

Nursery 托儿所

Safe room 安全房

State room 大堂 / 国宾厅

Suite 套房

Walk-in closet 步入式衣橱

Great House Areas 大房子区块

Ballroom 舞厅

Butler’s pantry 管家的杂物间

Buttery 酒窖

Drawing room 小客厅

Fainting room 慵懒室

Great chamber 主厅 / 主室

Great hall 大堂

Larder 贮藏室

Long gallery 长廊

Lumber room 暗房

Parlour 会客室

Root cellar 地窖

Salon 客厅

Saucery 调味处

Scullery 碗碟间

Servants’ hall 仆人厅

Servants’ quarters 佣人宿舍

Smoking room 吸烟室

Solar 太阳能

Spicery 香料间

Still room 酵房

Undercroft 贮藏室

Other Areas 其他区块

Barn 谷仓

Boathouse 船屋

Conservatory 暖房 / 温室

Gym 健身房

Loading dock 装卸码头

Moon gate 月亮门

Outhouse 厕所 / 外屋

Secondary suite 单房 / 附属屋

Shed 棚 / 小屋

Stable 马房

Storm cellar or Storm room 风暴地窖或避风室

Architectural Elements 建筑设计元素

Arch 拱

Ceiling 天花板

Colonnade 柱廊 / 列柱

Column 柱子

Courtyard 庭院

Fireplace 壁炉

Floor 地板

Gate 前门

Lighting 照明

Medaillon 圆雕

Ornament 点缀物

Swimming pool 游泳池

Vault 保险库

Wet bar 湿吧台

Roof 屋顶

Related Terms 相关术语

Building 建筑

Furniture 家具

House 房子

House plan 房子平面图

Rooms 房间

 

—— END ——

 

Source > Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verandah

Translated by > BlogHost — hkTan

Word Count > approx. 700 words in English

 

Vestibule 门厅/玄关/前庭

Vestibule  门厅 / 玄关 / 前庭

A vestibule (play /ˈvɛstɨbjuːl/) is a lobby, entrance hall, or passage between the entrance and the interior of a building.

门厅(播音vɛstɨbjuːl)是一个建筑入口和内部之间的大厅，入口大堂或者只是一个通道处。

The same term can apply to structures in modern or ancient roman architecture. In modern architecture vestibule typically refers to a small room or hall between an entrance and the interior of the building or house. In Roman architecture, vestibule (Latin: vestibulum) referred to a partially enclosed area between the interior of the house and the street.

这个名词也可以用在现代或古罗马建筑的结构上，现代建筑的前庭通常是指建筑或房子的入口与内部之间的一个小室或大厅。在古罗马建筑里，前庭(拉丁文：vertibulum)是指房子和街道之间的一个局部封闭的地方。

 

Contents  内容

1 Modern usage  现代用法

1.1 Railroad use  铁路用途

2 Ancient usage  古代用法

3 See also  参阅

4 References  参考文献

 

Modern Usage  现代用法

In contemporary usage, a vestibule constitutes an area surrounding the exterior door. It acts as an ante-chamber between the exterior and the interior structure. Often it connects the doorway to a lobby or hallway. It is the space one occupies once inside the door, but not yet into the main interior of the building.

在当代的用法中，门厅构成了围绕门外的地区，作为内部与外部结构之间的一个前室，通常都连接了进入大厅的走道或过道。这是个一进门就会先进入的地方，但尚未进入到建筑的内部主体。

Although vestibules are common in private residences as a modified mud room, they are especially prevalent in buildings designed to elicit a sense of Much grandeur, such as government buildings. The residence of the White House in the United States is just such an example. It contains a vestibule between the entrance at the North portico and the main interior hall. Many government buildings mimic the classical architecture from which the vestibule originates.

虽然前庭在私人住宅里都普遍地被改装成泥房(潔淨處)，但是在政府大楼这样的建筑里特别被设计来凸显其宏伟与堂皇，门厅尤为显著。美国的白宫住所就是这样的一个例子，在北门廊和主要的内厅之间的入口处都有一个门厅，很多政府大楼也模仿了古典建筑里的门厅设计。

A purely utilitarian use of vestibules in modern buildings is to create an “air lock” entry. Such vestibules consist of merely a set of inner doors and a set of outer doors. The intent of such vestibules is to reduce air infiltration to the building by having only one set of doors open at any given time. This can reduce heating and air conditioning loads.

现代建筑里要发挥门厅的纯粹功能就是要创造出一个“封气”的入口，这种门厅就只是一组内门和一组外门而已，目的是要在任何时候只看一组门来减少空气渗透进入建筑里，这样就可以减少热气和空调的负荷。

Railroad use 铁路用途

The vestibule on a railroad passenger car is an enclosed area at the end of the carbody, usually separated from the main part of the interior by a door, which is power-operated on most modern equipment. Entrance to and exit from the car is through the side doors, which lead into the vestibule. When passenger cars are coupled, their vestibules are joined by mating faceplate and diaphragm assemblies to create a weather-tight seal for the safety and comfort of passengers who are stepping from car to car. In British usage the term refers to the part of the carriage where the passenger doors are located; this can be at the ends of the carriage (on long-distance stock) or at the 1/4 and 3/4 of length positions (typical on modern suburban stock).

客运铁路车厢里的门厅是车尾一个封闭的区块，通常都用一道门来区分车厢内部，都是电动的现代配备，进出车厢都要通过一个侧门进入门厅。当车厢耦合时，两边的门厅就用衔接面板和隔膜组件连接在一起，全天候密封式让乘客安全又舒适地上下车。在英国使用的术语是指乘客车门所在的那一部份车厢，可以在车厢尾端，也可以在四分之一和四分之三的位置(在郊區的現代車型中很典型)。

 

Ancient Usage  古代用法

Vestibules were common in ancient Greek temples. Due to the construction techniques available at the time, it was not possible to build large spans. Consequently many entrance ways had two rows of columns that supported the roof and created a distinct space around the entrance.

前庭的设计在古代的希腊庙宇里都很普遍，由于受到那个时代的施工技术所限，就不可能建造跨度大的空旷大厅，结果许多入口通道两旁都有两排柱子支撑着屋顶，在入口的地方创造出独特的空间。

In ancient Roman architecture, the origin of the term, a vestibule was a space between the interior of a building and the street. The structure was a mixture between a modern hall and porch. Upon entering a Roman house or domus, one would have to pass through the vestibule before entering the atrium.

在古罗马的建筑学里，门厅这个名词原本是指街道和建筑之间的室内空间，这种结构结合了现代大厅和走廊的元素。在进入罗马的房子或豪宅时，就会先经过前庭才进入中庭。

From the fifth century vestibules were used in Christian churches in both the east and west.

从第五世纪起，门厅的设计就在东西方的基督教堂里被采用。

 

See Also  参阅

Propylaeum  前殿

Genkan 玄关

Vestibule at Wiktionary  维基字典里的门厅

 

References 参考文献

^ Vestibule. The Oxford English Dictionary. http://www.oed.com Online edition, December 2006

^前庭。牛津英语词典。http://www.oed.com  网络版，2006年12月

^ Tarbel, F.B.. “A History of Ancient Greek Art.”. Retrieved 2006-03-02.

^ Tarbel，FB。“古希腊艺术的历史。” 2006-03-02检索。

^ McManus, Barbara. “Sample Plan of a Roman House”. VRoma. The College of New Rochelle. Retrieved 2006-03-02.

^麦克马纳斯，芭芭拉。“罗马房子的样品图”。VRoma。新罗谢尔学院。2006-03-02检索。

^  “Vestibule (Porch)”. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.

^“前庭(露台)”。 天主教百科全书。纽约：罗伯特爱伯登公司。 1913年。

 

Categories  分类

Rooms, Spaces, and Architectural Elements  房间，空间，建筑设计元素

Public Areas 公共场所

Airport lounge 机场休息室

Auditorium 礼堂

Cafeteria 餐饮店

Classroom 课室

Changing room 更衣室

Conference hall 会议厅

Doctor’s office 医生办公室

Function hall 聚会厅

Mailroom 邮件室

Library 图书馆

Lobby 大厅

Office 办公室

Refectory 食堂 /饭厅

Restroom 洗手间 /卫生间

Security 保安 / 保全

Waiting room 等候室 / 候车室

Passages and Spaces 通道与空间

Alcove 壁龛

Atrium 中庭

Balcony 阳台

Breezeway 通风廊

Corridor 走廊

Deck 甲板

Elevator 电梯

Emergency exit 紧急出口

Escalator 自动扶梯

Entryway / Genkan 入口处 / 玄关

Foyer 前庭 / 堂前

Hallway 礼堂

Loft 阁楼

Loggia 走廊

Nook 小角落

Patio 天井

Pedway 高架走道

Pergola 绿荫廊道

Porch 露台

porte-cochère 前庭门廊

Portico 廊

Ramp 斜坡道

Secret passage 秘密通道

Skyway 天桥

Spear closet 矛头角

Stairway 楼梯

Terrace 天台

Veranda 走廊

Vestibule 前庭 / 门厅

Wheelchair ramp 轮椅坡道

Utility and Storage 工用与存储

Attic 顶楼

Basement 地下室

Box Room / Carport 箱室 / 车库

Cloakroom 衣帽间

Closet 橱柜

Electrical room 电气房

Equipment room 机房

Furnace room / Boiler room 炉房 / 锅炉房

Garage 车房

Janitorial closet 卫生柜 / 清洁橱

Laundry room / Utility room 洗衣房 / 工作间

Mechanical room / floor 机械房 / 层

Pantry 茶水处 / 杂物处

Root cellar 地窖

Semi-basement 半地下室

Studio 工作室

Server room 伺服器机房

Wardrobe 衣柜

Workshop 车间 / 工作室 / 工房

Vault 保险库

Wine cellar 酒窖

Wiring closet / Demarcation point 配线房 / 划界点

Shared Residential Rooms 共用住宅房间

Billiard room 桌球室

Bonus room 备用房

Common room 公共房

Common Room (university) 公共休息室 (大学)

Conversation pit 闲聊坑

Den 小窝

Dining room 餐室 / 饭厅

Drawing room 小客厅

Family room 家人聚合室

Great room 大厅

Hearth room 壁炉房 / 灶房

Home office 住家办公室

Kitchen 厨房

Kitchenette 小厨房

Library 图书馆

Living room / Lounge / Sitting room 客厅/ 休闲室 / 客厅

Man cave 人洞 / 私房

Media room or Home theater 媒体室或家庭影院

Mehmaan khana 小客厅

Recreation room 娱乐室 /康乐室

Shrines 神坛

Study 书室

Student lounge 学生休息室

Sunroom / Solarium 日光室 / 观景室

Private Rooms 私人房间

Bathroom / Toilet (room) 浴室 / 厕所 (间)

Bedroom / Guest room 卧室 / 客房

Boudoir 闺房

Cabinet 内阁

Jack and Jill bathroom 两房共用浴室

Nursery 托儿所

Safe room 安全房

State room 大堂 / 国宾厅

Suite 套房

Walk-in closet 步入式衣橱

Great House Areas 大房子区块

Ballroom 舞厅

Butler’s pantry 管家的杂物间

Buttery 酒窖

Drawing room 小客厅

Fainting room 慵懒室

Great chamber 主厅 / 主室

Great hall 大堂

Larder 贮藏室

Long gallery 长廊

Lumber room 暗房

Parlour 会客室

Root cellar 地窖

Salon 客厅

Saucery 调味处

Scullery 碗碟间

Servants’ hall 仆人厅

Servants’ quarters 佣人宿舍

Smoking room 吸烟室

Solar 太阳能

Spicery 香料间

Still room 酵房

Undercroft 贮藏室

Other Areas 其他区块

Barn 谷仓

Boathouse 船屋

Conservatory 暖房 / 温室

Gym 健身房

Loading dock 装卸码头

Moon gate 月亮门

Outhouse 厕所 / 外屋

Secondary suite 单房 / 附属屋

Shed 棚 / 小屋

Stable 马房

Storm cellar or Storm room 风暴地窖或避风室

Architectural Elements 建筑设计元素

Arch 拱

Ceiling 天花板

Colonnade 柱廊 / 列柱

Column 柱子

Courtyard 庭院

Fireplace 壁炉

Floor 地板

Gate 前门

Lighting 照明

Medaillon 圆雕

Ornament 点缀物

Swimming pool 游泳池

Vault 保险库

Wet bar 湿吧台

Roof 屋顶

Related Terms 相关术语

Building 建筑

Furniture 家具

House 房子

House plan 房子平面图

Rooms 房间

 

—– END —–

 

Source > Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibule_(architecture)

Translated by > BlogHost — hkTan

Word Count > approx. 870 words in English